Reading List

This page is split into two sections: books produced in association with the RFN and a broader bibliography of sources relating to radical film (and media). Thanks to RFN member, Professor Chris Robé, for compiling the bibliography. If your work should be on there but isn’t, just email us at info@radicalfilmnetwork.com.

BOOKS PRODUCED IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE RFN

Radical Film, Art and Digital Media for Societies in Turmoil (2023)

Can radical film practices help to understand a disintegrating world? Can they have a healing effect? How can we maintain structures of solidarity in the field of radical media production for societies in turmoil and transition? And what does radical cultural practice look like in times such as ours, when everywhere we turn there seem to lurk even more acute challenges?

Edited by members of the Berlin chapter of the international Radical Film Network, this collection investigates practices of audio-visual production that act on and struggle with the conditions of our time. Contributors include film practitioners, artists, activists, as well as academics and critics, all of whom share a commitment to experimentation and insist on a pluriversal rethinking of the image in radical film, art and digital media.

https://k-verlag.org/books/radical-film-2023/

Contemporary Radical Film Culture: Networks, Organisations and Activists (2021)

Comprising essays from some of the leading scholars and practitioners in the field, this is the first book to investigate twenty-first century radical film practices across production, distribution and exhibition at a global level. With the RFN’s international scope as its foundation, the book engages with radical film cultures in Africa, Asia, China, Europe, the Middle East as well as North and South America, and connects key historical moments and traditions with the present day. Topics span artists’ film and video, curation, documentary, feminist and queer film cultures, film festivals and exhibition practices, distribution, network-building, policy interventions, video-activism and beyond.

“This first major collection of radical moving-image practices in the 21st century marks an aggressive new phase in the resistance against capitalist commodity culture. Remarkable for its intelligence, originality, accessibility, and especially for its global comprehensiveness, it will be of great value for activists, scholars and teachers, and indeed everyone interested in the struggle for a more equal and less exploitative socialist world”. David E. James, Professor, Division of Cinema & Media Studies, University of Southern California.

https://www.routledge.com/Contemporary-Radical-Film-Culture-Networks-Organisations-and-Activists/Presence-Wayne-Newsinger/p/book/9781138543614

Radical Film and Media Activism Bibliography

Film and Media Studies Journals/Social Movement Journals

Black Camera: An International Film Journal

Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies

Cineaste: America’s Leading Magazine on the Art and Politics of the Cinema

Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media

Interface: A Journal for and about Social Movements

Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media

Journal of Alternative and Community Media

Moving Image and Art Review Journal (MIRAJ)

1960s and 1970s Media Activism

Adamson, Morgan. Enduring Images; A Future History of New Left Cinema (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2018)

—. “Labor, Finance, and Counterrevolution: Finally Got the News at the End of the Short American Century,” The South Atlantic Quarterly, 111, no. 4 (Fall 2012): 803-23

Armstrong, David. A Trumpet to Arms: Alternative Media in America (Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press, 1981)

Grant, Paul Douglas. Cinema Militant: Political Filmmaking and May 1968 (New York: Wallflower Press, 2016)

Hess, John. “Notes on U.S. Radical Film, 1967-80,” Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media, no. 21 (Nov. 1979), http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC21folder/USRadicalFilmHess.html

Stark, Trevor. “‘Cinema in the Hands of the People’: Chris Marker, the Medevkin Group, and the Potential of Militant Film,” October 139 (Winter 2012): 117-50.

Analog Video Activism (1970s and 1980s)

Barlow, Melinda. “Feminism 101: The New York Women’s Video Festival, 1972-1980,” Camera Obscura 18, no. 3 (2003): 2-39.

Burnett, Ron. “Video: The Politics of Culture and Community,” Michael Renov and Erika Suderburg, ed. Resolutions: Contemporary Video Practices (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996), 283-303.

Cain, Nancy. Video Days and What We Saw Through the Viewfinder (Palm Spring, CA: Event Horizon Press, 2011)

Nigg, Heinz. Rebel Video: The Video Movement of the 1970s and 1980s (London: Zurich, Switzerland: Scheidegger & Spiess, 2017)

Pytlinski, Deanne. Utopian Visions: Women in Early Video Art (Diss: CUNY, 2006)

Indigenous Media Activism

Barclay, Barry. Our Own Image: A Story of a Maori Filmmaker (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2015)
Brady, Miranda and John M. Kelly. We Interrupt This Program: Indigenous Media Tactics in Canadian Culture (British Columbia: University of British Columbia Press, 2017)

Coryat, Diana. “Extractive Politics, Media Power, and New Waves of Resistance Against Oil Drilling in the Ecuadorian Amazon: The Case of Yasunidos,” International Journal of Communication 9 (2015): 3741-60.

Forde, Susan, Michael Meadows, and Kerrie Foxwell. Developing Dialogues: Indigenous and Ethnic Community Broadcasting in Australia (Bristol: Intellect, 2009)

Ginsburg, Faye. “Embedded Aesthetics: Creating Discursive Space for Indigenous Media,” Cultural Anthropology 9, no. 3 (1994): 365-82.

— “Indigenous Counterpublics: A Foreshortened History,” in Sensible Politics: The Visual Culture of Nongovernmental Activism, eds. Meg McLagan and Yates McKee (New York: Zone Books, 2012), 563-587.

— “Indigenous Media: Faustian Contract or Global Media?,” Cultural Anthropology 6, no. 1 (1991): 92-112

Meadows, Michael and Helen Molnar. “Bridging the Gaps: Towards a History of Indigenous Media in Australia,” Media History 8, no. 1 (2010): 9-20.

Roosvall, Anna and Matthew Tagelberg. Media and Transnational Climate Justice: Indigenous Activism and Climate Politics (New York: Peter Lang, 2018)

Simpson, Leanne Betasamosake. As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom Through Radical Resistance (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2017)

Wilson, Pamela and Michelle Stewart, eds. Global Indigenous Media: Cultures, Poetics, and Politics (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008)

Wortham, Erica Cusi. Indigenous Media in Mexico: Culture, Community, and the State (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013)

Third Cinema

Alea, Tomás Gutiérrez. “The Viewer’s Dialectic,” Michael T. Martin, ed. New Latin American Cinema, Volume One (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997), 108-31.

—. The Viewer’s Dialectic, trans. Julia Lesage (Havana, Cuba: José Martí Publishing House, 1988)

Armes, Roy. Third World Film Making and the West (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987)

Burton, Julianne, ed. Cinema and Social Change in Latin America: Conversations with Filmmakers (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1986)

Dickinson, Kay. Arab Film and Video Manifestos: Forty-Five Years of the Moving Image Amid Rebellion (Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018)

Espinosa, Julio García. “For an Imperfect Cinema,” Robert Stam and Toby Miller, eds. Film and Theory: An Anthology (Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2000), 287-97

Gabriel, Teshome H. Third Cinema in the Third World: The Aesthetics of Liberation (Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press, 1982)

Gordon-Nesbitt, Rebecca. To Defend the Revolution Is to Defend Culture: The Cultural Policy of the Cuban Revolution (Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2015)

King, John. “Chilean Cinema in Revolution and Exile,” Michael T. Martin, ed. New Latin American Cinema: Volume Two (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997), 397-419.

López, Ana M. “An ‘Other’ History: The New Latin American Cinema,” Michael T. Martin, ed. New Latin American Cinema, Volume One (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997), 135-56.

Martin, Michael T., ed. New Latin American Cinema, Volume One: Theory, Practices, and Transcontinental Articulations (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1997)

—. New Latin American Cinema, Volume Two: Studies of National Cinema (Detroit: Wayne

State University Press, 1997)

Solanas, Fernando and Octavio Gettino, “Towards a Third Cinema,” Robert Stam and Toby Miller, eds. Film and Theory: An Anthology (Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2000), 298-316.

Mike Wayne, Political Film: The Dialectics of Third Cinema (London: Pluto Press, 2001)

Cable Access

Ali, Christopher. “The Last PEG or Community Media 2.0? Negotiating Place and Placelessness at PhillyCAM,” Media, Culture, and Society 36, no. 1 (2013): 69-86.

Engelman, Ralph. The Origins of Public Access Cable Television 1966-1972 (Columbia, SC: Association for Education and Journalism and Mass Communication, 1990)

Linder, Laura R. Public Access Television: America’s Electronic Soapbox (London: Praeger, 1999)

Parsons, Patrick R. Blue Skies: A History of Cable Television (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2008)

Smith, Ralph Lee. Wired Nation: Cable TV: The Electronic Communications Highway (New York: Harper Colophon Books, 1972)

Political Economy

Bagdikian, Ben. H. The New Media Monopoly (Boston: Beacon Press, 2004)

McChesney, Robert. The Political Economy of Media (New York: Monthly Review Press, 2008)

Video and Film & Feminism

Bean, Jennifer M. and Diane Negra, eds. A Feminist Reader in Early Cinema (Durham: Duke University Press, 2002)

Bobo, Jacqueline, ed. Black Women Film and Video Artists (New York: Routledge, 1998)

Carson, Diane, Linda Dittmar and Janice R Welsch, eds. Multiple Voices in Feminist Film Criticism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994)

Erens, Patricia, ed. Issues in Feminist Film Criticism (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990)

Juhasz, Alexandra. Women of Vision: Histories in Feminist Film and Video (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001)

Kaplan, E. Ann, ed. Feminism and Film (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)

Rabinovitz, Lauren. Points of Resistance: Women, Power, and Politics in the New York Avant-Garde Cinema (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003)

Warren, Shilyh. Subject to Reality: Women and Documentary Film (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2019)

Black Feminist Media Activism (with help of Jordan Bowles)

Clark, Rosemary. “‘Hope in a Hashtag’: The Discursive Activism of #WhyIStayed,” Feminist Media Studies 16, no. 5 (2016): 788-804.

Duvall, Spring-Serenity and Nicole Heckemeyer. “#BlackLivesMatter: Black Celebrity Hashtag Activism and the Discursive Formation of a Social Movement,” Celebrity Studies 9, no. 3 (2018): 391-408.

Jackson, Sarah J, Moya Bailey, and Brooke Foucault Welles, #HashtagActivism: Networks of Race and Gender Justice (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2020)

Jackson, Sarah J. “(Re)Imagining Intersectional Democracy from Black Feminism to Hashtag Activism,” Women’s Studies in Communication 39, no. 4 (2016): 375-379.

Jones, Feminista. Reclaiming Our Space: How Black Feminists are Changing the World from Tweets to the Streets (Boston, Beacon Press, 2019)

Keeling, Kara. Queer Times, Black Futures (New York: New York University Press, 2019)

—. The Witch’s Flight: The Cinematic, the Black Femme, and the Image of Common Sense (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007)

Khan-Cullors, Patrisse and Ashe Bandele. When They Call You a Terrorist: A Black Lives Matter Memoir (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2017)

Tayor, Keeanga-Yamahtta. How We Get Free: Black Feminism and the Combahee River Collective (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2017)

Williams, Sherri. “Digital Defense: Black Feminists Resist Violence with Hashtag Activism,” Feminist Media Studies 15, no.2 (2015): 341-358.

—. “#SayHerName: Using Digital Activism to Document Violence against Black Women,” Feminist Media Studies 16, no. 5 (2016): 922-925.

Theoretical/Historical Texts/ Community Media

Adorno, Theodor W. The Culture Industry: Selected Essays on Mass Culture, ed. J.M. Bernstein (London and New York: Routledge, 1991)

Althusser, Lous. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, trans. Ben Brewster (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1971)

— For Marx, trans. Ben Brewster (New York: Verso, 1965)

Anker, Steve, Kathy Geritz, and Steve Seid, eds. Radical Light: Alternative Film & Video in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1945-2000 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010)

Arrighi, Giovanni, Terrence K. Hopkins, and Immanuel Wallerstein, Anti-Systemic Movements (New York: Verso, 1989)

Atton, Chris. Alternative Media (Los Angeles: Sage Publications, 2002)

— ed. The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media (New York: Routledge, 2015)

Baudrillard, Jean. “Requiem for the Media,” John G. Hanhardt, ed. Video Culture: A Critical Investigation, (New York: Visual Studies Workshop Press, 1987): 124-43

Bauer, Petro and Dan Kidner, Working Together: Notes on British Film Collectives in the 1970s (London: Focal Point Gallery, 2013)

Bauschbaum, Cinema Engagé: Film in the Popular Front (Urbana and Chicago: Illinois University Press, 1988)

Benjamin, Walter. “The Author as Producer.” Reflections. Trans. Edmund Jephcott (New York: Schocken Books, 1978): 220-38.

— “Eduard Fuchs: Collector and Historian.” The Essential Frankfurt School Reader Ed. Andrew Arato and Eike Gebhardt (New York: Continuum, 1997): 225-53.

— Illuminations, Hannah Arendt, ed. Harry Zohn, trans. (New York: Schocken Books, 1968)

—“On Some Motifs in Baudelaire.” Illumination Ed. Hannah Arendt (New York: Schocken Books, 1968): 155-200.

— “Theses on the Philosophy of History.” Illuminations Ed. Hannah Arendt (New York: Schocken Books, 1968): 253-64.

— “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction.” Illuminations Ed. Hannah Arendt (New York: Schocken Books, 1968): 217-51.

Berardi, Franco, Marco Jacquemet, and Gianfranco Vitali. Ethereal Shadows: Communications and Power in Contemporary Italy (New York: Autonomedia, 2009)

Birdwell, Michael E. Celluloid Soldiers: Warner Bros.’s Campaign against Nazism (New York and London: New York University Press, 1999)

Bock, Mary Angela. Seeing Justice: Witnessing, Crime, and Punishment in Visual Media (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021)

Bowser, Pearl, Jane Gaines, and Charles Musser, eds. Oscar Micheaux and His Circle: African-American Filmmaking and Race Cinema of the Silent Era (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2001)

Bowser, Pearl, and Louise Spence. Writing Himself into History: Oscar Micheaux, His Silent Films, and His Audiences (New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2000)

Brecht, Bertolt. Brecht on Theatre: The Development of an Aesthetic, ed. and trans. John Willett (New York: Hill and Wang, 1992)

Buhle, Paul, and Dave Wagner. Radical Hollywood: The Untold Story Behind America’s Favorite Movies (New York: The New Press, 2002)

Butler, Judith. Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable? (New York: Verso, 2016)

—. Notes Towards a Performative Theory of Assembly. (New York: Verso, 2015)

Campbell, Russell. Cinema Strikes Back: Radical Filmmaking in the United States, 1930-1942 (Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press, 1982)

Ceplair, Larry, and Steven Englund. The Inquisition in Hollywood: Politics in the Film Community, 1930-60 (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2003 ed.)

Couldry, Nick and James Curran, eds. Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World (London: Rowman and Littlefield, 2003)

Couldry, Nick. Why Voice Matters: Culture and Politics after Neoliberalism (New York: SAGE, 2010)

Coyer, Kate, Tony Downmut, and Alan Fountain. The Alternative Media Handbook (New York: Routledge, 2007)

Darnovsky, Marcy, Barbara Epstein, and Richard Flacks, eds. Cultural Politics and Social Movements (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995)

Debord, Guy. Society of the Spectacle (Detroit: Black and Red, 1983)

Downmut, Tony, ed. Channels of Resistance: Global Television and Local Empowerment (London: BFI, 1993)

DeLuca, Kevin Michael. Image Politics: The New Rhetoric of Environmental Activism (New York: The Guilford Press, 1999)

Denning, Michael. The Cultural Front (New York: Verso, 1997)

Diawara, Manthia. “Black Spectatorship: Problems of Identification and Resistance.” Manthia Diawara, ed. Black American Cinema. (New York: Routlege, 1993): 211-20.

Downing, John. Radical Media: The Political Experience of Alternative Communication (Cambridge, MA: South End Press, 1984)

—, ed. Encyclopedia of Social Movement Media (New York: SAGE, 2011)

Durán, Orley and Clemencia Rodriguez. “Rural Social Movements in Contexts of War: The Colombian Agrarian Strike of 2013,” 20, no. 2 (2018): 149-160.

Eisenstein, Sergei. “The Problem of the Materialist Approach to Form,” Richard Taylor, ed. Eisenstein’s Writings, 1922-1934 (London: BFI Publishing, 1988), 59-64

— “Vertical Montage,” Michael Glenny and Richard Taylor, eds. Eisenstein: Toward a Theory of Montage (London: BFI Publishing, 1994), 327-99

Enstad, Nan. Ladies of Labor, Girls of Adventure: Working Women, Popular Culture, and Labor Politics at the Turn of the Twentieth Century (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999)

Enzensberger, Hans Magnus.“Constituents of a Theory of the Media,” John Thorton Caldwell, ed. Electronic Media and Technoculture, (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2000), 51-76

Epstein, Barbara. Political Protest and Cultural Revolution: Nonviolence Direct-Action in the 1970s and 1980s (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991)

Everett, Anna. Returning the Gaze: A Genealogy of Black Film Criticism, 1909-1949 (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2001)

Feignbaum, Anna, Fabian Frenzel and Partrick McCurdy. Protest Camps (London/New York: Zed Books, 2013)

Field, Allyson Nadia, Jan-Christopher Horak and Jacqueline Najuma Stewart, eds. L.A. Rebellion: Creating a New Black Cinema (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2015)

Fuller, Graham. Loach on Loach (New York: farber and farber, 1998)

Gaines, Jane. Fire and Desire: Mixed-Race Movies in the Silent Era (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001)

Ginsburg, Faye D. Lila Abu-Lughod, and Brian Larkin, eds. Media Worlds: Anthropology on New Terrain, eds. (Berkeley: University of California, 2002)

Giovacchini, Saverio. Hollywood Modernism: Film and Politics in the Age of the New Deal (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2001)

Gramsci, Antonio. The Antonio Gramsci Reader: Selected Writings 1916-1935, ed. David Forgacs (New York: New York University Press, 2000)

Hall, Stuart. Essential Essays, Volume One: Foundations of Cultural Studies, ed. David Morley (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019)

— Essential Essays, Volume Two: Identity and Diaspora, ed. David Morley (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019)

— Selected Political Writings: The Great Moving Right Show and Other Essays (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017)

— “Notes on Deconstructing ‘the Popular,’” John Storey, ed. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: A Reader (London: Pearson, 2009), 508-18

—. Writings on Media: History of the Present, ed. Charlotte Brunsdon (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2021)

Hall, Stuart, Chas Critcher, Tony Jefferson, John Clarke, and Brian Roberts. Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State, and Law and Order (London: Macmillan, 1978)

Hall, Stuart, Dorothy Hobson, Andrew Lowe and Paul Willis, eds. Culture, Media, Language (New York: Routledge, 1996 ed.)

Halleck, DeeDee. Hand-Held Visions: The Impossible Possibilities of Community Media (New York: Fordham University Press, 2002)

Hansen, Miriam Bratu. “America, Paris, the Alps: Kraceur (and Benjamin) on Cinema and Modernity.” Cinema and the Invention of Modern Life. Ed. Leo Charney and Vanessa R. Schwartz (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1995): 362-402

— Babel and Babylon: Spectatorship in American Silent Film (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991)

— Cinema and Experience: Siegfried Kracauer, Walter Benjamin, and Theodor W. Adorno (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012)

— “The Mass Production of the Senses: Classical Cinema as Vernacular Modernism.” Reinventing Film Studies Ed. Gledhill, Christine and Linda Williams (London: Arnold, 2000): 332-50.

Harvey, Sylvia. May ’68 and Film Culture (London: BFI, 1980)

Hogenkamp, Bert. Deadly Parallels: Film and the Left in Britain, 1929-39 (London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1986)

Horak, Jan-Christopher. Lovers of Cinema: The First American Film Avant-Garde 1919-1945 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995)

hooks, bell. “The Oppositional Gaze.” Black Looks: Race and Representation (Boston, Massachusetts: South End Press, 1992)

Horne, Gerald. Class Struggle in Hollywood, 1930-1950: Moguls, Mobsters, Stars, Reds, and Trade Unionists (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2001)

Howley, Kevin. Community Media: People, Places, and Communication Technologies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005)

— Understanding Community Media (Los Angeles: Sage Press, 2010)

James, David E. Allegories of Cinema: American Film in the Sixties (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989)

— The Most Typical Avant-Garde: History and Geography of Minor Cinemas in Los Angeles (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005)

— “The Movies are a Revolution: Film and the Counterculture,” Peter Braunstein and Michael Doyle, eds. Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of the 1960s and ‘70s, eds. (Routledge: New York, 2002), 275-303

— Power Misses: Essays Across (Un)Popular Culture (New York: Verso, 1996)

— “The Sons and Daughters of Los: Culture and Community in Los Angeles,”

Jump Cut 56 (Winter 2014-2015): https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc56.2014-2015/JamesSonsOfLos/index.html

James, David and Rick Berg, eds. The Hidden Foundation: Cinema and the Question of Class (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996)

Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991)

Kauffman, L.A., Direct Action: Protest and the Reinvention of American Radicalism (New York: Verso, 2017)

Kaun, Anne. Crisis and Critique: A Brief History of Media Participation in Times of Crisis (London: Zed Books, 2016)

Kitchen, Will, Film, Negation and Freedom: Capitalism and Romantic Critique (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2023)

Kracauer, Siegfried. The Mass Ornament: Weimar Essays, ed. and trans. Thomas Y. Levin (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1995)

— Siegfried Kracauer’s American Writings: Essays on Film and Popular Culture. Eds. Johannes von Moltke and Kristy Rawson (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2012)

Krajnc, Maja. “Introduction to Newsreel 55: Which Side Are You On?” Cinema Journal 56, no. 3 (2017): 95-99.

Landy, Marcia. Film, Politics, and Gramsci (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1994)

Lasn, Kalle. Culture Jam: How to Reverse America’s Suicidal Consumer Binge—And Why We Must (New York: Quill, 1999)

Lim, Merlyna, “Roots, Routes, and Routers: Communications and Media of Contemporary Social Movements,” Journalism & Communication Monographs 20, no. 2 (2018): 92-136.

Mattoni and Emiliano Treré, “Media Practices, Mediation Processes, and Mediatization in the Study of Social Movements,” Communication Theory 24 (2014): 252-271.

McGuigan, Jim, ed. Raymond Williams on Culture & Society: Essential Writings (Los Angeles, CA: Sage, 2014)

McKee, Yates. Strike Art: Contemporary Art and the Post-Occupy Condition (New York: Verso Press, 2016)

McLagan, Meg and Yates McKee, eds. Sensible Politics: The Visual Culture of Nongovernmental Activism (New York: Zone Books, 2012)

Meikle, Graham, ed. The Routledge Companion to Media and Activism (New York: Routledge, 2018)

Mosco, Vincent. The Digital Sublime: Myth, Power, and Cyberspace (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2005)

Myer, Clive. Critical Cinema: Beyond the Theory of Practice (New York, Columbia University Press, 2012)

Negt, Oskar and Alexander Kluge, Public Sphere and Experience: Analysis of the Bourgeois and Proletarian Public Sphere (New York: Verso, 2016; 1972)

Noreiga, Chon A. ed. Chicanos and Film: Representation and Resistance. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1992.

— Shot in America: Television, The State, and the Rise of Chicano Cinema (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000)

Peiss, Kathy. Cheap Amusements: Working Women and Leisure in Turn-of-the-Century New York (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986)

Polan, Dana. Political Language of Film and the Avant-Garde (Ann Arbor, Michigan: UM Research Press, 1985)

— “Raymond Williams on Film.” Cinema Journal 52, no. 3 (Spring 2013): 1-18

Potamkin, Harry Alan. The Compound Cinema: The Film Writings of Harry Alan Potamkin. Ed. Lewis Jacobs (New York and London: Teachers College Press, 1977): 454-57

Presence, Steve, Mike Wayne and Jack Newsinger, Contemporary Radical Film Culture: Networks, Organisations and Activists (New York: Routledge, 2020)

Rabinovitz, Lauren. For the Lover of Pleasure: Women, Movies, and Culture in Turn-of-the-Century Chicago (New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1998)

Rancière, Jacques. Dissensus: On Politics and Aesthetics, Ed. and trans. Steven Corcoran (New York: Bloomsbury, 2012)

— The Emancipated Spectator, trans. Gregory Elliott (New York: Verso, 2011)

— Film Fables Film Fables, trans. Emiliano Battista (New York: Bloomsbury, 2016)

Reed, T.V. The Art of Protest: Culture and Activism from the Civil Rights Movement to the Streets of Seattle (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005)

Robé, Chris, Left of Hollywood: Cinema, Modernism, and the Rise of U.S. Radical Film Culture (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2010)

Robinson, Cedric. Forgeries of Memory and Meaning: Blacks and The Regimes of Race in American Theater and Film Before World War II (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007)

Rodowich, D.N. The Crisis of Political Modernism: Criticism and Ideology in Contemporary Film Theory (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994)

Rosten, Leo. C. Hollywood: The Movie Colony, The Movie Makers (New York: Arno Press, 1970 ed.)

Schwartz, Nancy Lynn. The Hollywood Writers’ Wars (New York: Knopf, 1982)

Shohat, Ella and Robert Stam. Unthinking Eurocentrism: Multiculturalism and the Media (London and New York: Routledge, 1994)

Silverman, Kaja. The Threshold of the Visible World (New York and London: Routledge, 1996)

Sontag, Susan. Regarding the Pain of Others (New York: Picador, 2003)

— On Photography (New York: Delta, 1977)

Sprah, Andrej. “Newsreel 55: Which Side Are You On?” Cinema Journal 56, no. 3 (2017): 100-14

Stephansen, Hilde C. and Emilano Treré, eds. Citizen Media and Practice: Currents, Connections, Challenges (New York: Routledge, 2019)

Stevens, Peter, ed. Jump Cut: Hollywood, Politics, and Counter-Cinema (Ontario: Between the Lines, 1985)

Tyler, Bruce M. From Harlem to Hollywood: The Struggle for Racial and Cultural Democracy, 1920-1943 (New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. 1992)

Tzioumakis, Yannis and Claire Molloy, eds. The Routledge Companion to Cinema and Politics (New York: Routledge, 2019)

Wayne, Mike. Marxism and Media Studies: Key Concepts and Contemporary Trends (London: Pluto Press, 2003)

—. Marxism Goes to the Movies (New York: Routledge, 2019)

—, ed. Understanding Film: Marxist Perspectives (London: Pluto Press, 2005)

Williams, Raymond. “Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory,” in Chandra Mukerji and Michael Schudson, eds. Rethinking Popular Culture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991): 407-23.

— “The Bloomsbury Fraction,” Culture and Materialism (New York: Verso, 1980)

— Culture and Materialism (New York: Verso, 1980)

— The Long Revolution (Cardigan: Parthian, 2011 ed.)

— Marxism and Literature (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977)

— and Michael Orrom. Preface to Film (London: Film Drama Limited, 1954)

— “Film and the Cultural Tradition,” Cinema Journal 52, no. 3 (Spring 2013): 19-24.

— Television: Technology and Cultural Form (New York: Schocken Books, 1975)

Young, Cynthia. Soul Power: Culture, Radicalism, and the Making of a U.S. Third World Left (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2006)

By Media Makers

Chanan, Michael. “Swallowing Time: On the Immaterial Labor of the Video Blogger,” in Mazierska, E. and Kristensen, L., eds. Marxism and Film Activism: Screening Alternative Worlds (New York, USA, 2015): 234-252.

— Tales of a Video Blogger (Sussex: Reframing Activism, 2012), https://www.scribd.com/document/128358856/Tales-of-a-Video-Blogger-e-Book-by-Michael-Chanan.

Chattoo, Caty Borum. Story Movements: How Documentaries Empower People and Inspire Social Change (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020).

Daniels, Jill, Memory, Place and Autobiography: Experiments in Documentary Filmmaking (Newcastle Upon Tyne, Cambridge Scholars: 2019).

Harding, Thomas. The Video Activist Handbook (London: Pluto Press, 1997)

Harris, Kyle. “Beyond Authenticity: Aesthetic Strategies and Anarchist Media,” Josh MacPhee and Erik Reuland, eds. Realizing the Impossible: Art against Authority (Oakland, CA: AK Press, 2007), 210-219.

Lessage, Julia, “Perpetual Subversion,” Jump Cut 56 (Winter 2014-2015): https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc56.2014-2015/LesagePerpetualSubversion/index.html

Saalfield, Catherine. “On the Make: Activist Video Collectives,” Martha Geever, John Greyson, and Pratibha Parmar, eds. Queer Looks: Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Film and Video (New York: Routledge, 1993), 21-27.

LGBTQ+ Activism

Bad Object Choices, ed. How Do I Look? Queer Film and Video (Seattle: Bay Press, 1991)

Bordowitz, Gregg. James Meyer, ed. The AIDS Crisis is Ridiculous, (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2004)

Crimp, Douglas, ed. Cultural Analysis, Cultural Activism (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1988)

— Melancholia and Moralism: Essays on AIDS and Queer Politics (Cambridge,

Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2004)

Gever, Martha, John Greyson, and Pratibha Parmar, eds. Queer Looks: Perspectives on Lesbian and Gay Film and Video (New York: Routledge, 1993)

Gould, Deborah B. Moving Politics: Emotion and ACT UP’s Fight against AIDS (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009)

Greyson, John. “Strategic Compromises: AIDS and Alternative Video Practices,” Mark O’Brien and Craig Little, eds. Reimaging America: The Arts of Social Change (Philadelphia, PA: New Society Publishers, 1990), 60-74

Hallas, Roger. Reframing Bodies: AIDS, Bearing Witness, and the Queer Moving Image (Durham: Duke University Press, 2009)

Juhasz, Alexandra. AIDS TV: Identity, Community, and Alternative Video (Durham: Duke University Press, 1995)

— “‘So Many Alternatives’: The Alternative AIDS Video Movement,” Benjamin Shepard and Ronald Hayduk, eds. From ACT UP to the WTO: Urban Protest and Community Building in the Era of Globalization (New York: Verso, 2002), 298-305

Morse, Nicole. Selfie Aesthetics: Seeing Trans Feminist Futures in Self-Representational Art (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2022)

Rich, B. Ruby. Chick Flicks: Theories and Memories of the Feminist Film Movement (Durham: Duke University Press, 1998)

— New Queer Cinema: The Director’s Cut (Durham: Duke University Press, 2013)

Shepard, Benjamin. Queer Political Performances and Protest: Play, Pleasure, and Social Movements (New York: Routledge, 2010)

Strayer, Chris, Deviant Eyes, Deviant Bodies: Sexual Re-Orientations in Film and Video (New

York: Columbia University Press, 1996)

Watney, Simon. Policing Desire: Pornography, AIDS, and the Media (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1987)

Waugh, Thomas. The Fruit Machine: Twenty Years of Writing on Queer Cinema (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2000)

Documentary Studies

Aguayo, Angela. Documentary Resistance: Social Change and Participatory Media (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019)

Alexander, William. Film on the Left: American Documentary Film from 1931 to 1942 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981)

Baron, Jaimie. Reuse, Misuse, Abuse: The Ethics of Audiovisual Appropriation in the Digital Age (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2021)

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Chanan, Michael. The Politics of Documentary (London: BFI, 2007)

Charbonneau, Stephen. Projecting Race: Postwar America, Civil Rights, and Documentary Film

(New York: Wallflower Press, 2016)

Freeman, Carrie P. and Scott Tulloch, “Was Blind But Now I See: Animal Liberation

Documentaries’ Deconstruction of Barriers to Witnessing Injustice,” in eds. Pick, A. and G. Narraway, Screening Nature: Cinema Beyond the Human (Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2013)

Gaines, Jane M. and Michael Renov, eds. Collecting Visible Evidence (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1999)

Godmilow, Jill. Kill the Documentary: A Letter to Filmmakers, Students, and Scholars (New York: Columbia University Press, 2022)

Kahana, Jonathan. Intelligence Work: The Politics of American Documentary (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008)

Nichols, Bill. Representing Realty (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1991)

Rabinowitz, Paula. They Must Be Represented: The Politics of Documentary (London and New York: Verso, 1994)

Renov, Michael. “Newsreel: Old and New. Towards a Historic Profile,” Film Quarterly 41, no. 1 (Autumn 1987): 20-33

— The Subject of Documentary (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004)

— ed. Theorizing Documentary (New York: Routledge, 1993)

Turning, Svelta and Ezra Winton, eds. Screening Truth to Power: A Reader on Documentary

Activism (Montreal: Cinema Politica, 2014)

Watson, Ryan. Radical Documentary and Global Crises: Militant Evidence in the Digital Age

(Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2021)

Waugh, Thomas. Show Us Life: Towards a History and Aesthetics of the Committed Documentary (Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1984)

Winston, Brian, Gail Vanstone, and Wang Chi. The Act of Documenting: Documentary Film in the 21^st Century (New York: Bloomsbury, 2017)

Zimmermann, Patricia. States of Emergency: Documentaries, Wars, Democracies (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2000

The Alt-Right and Media Activism

Adams, Ian and Sharon Mastracci. “Visibility Is a Trap: The Ethics of Police Born-Worn Cameras and Control,” Administrative Theory & Practice 39 (2017): 313-328.

Aguayo, Angela. “Activist Street Tapes and Protest Pornography: Participatory Media in the Age of Digital Reproduction,” Jump Cut 56 (Winter 2014-2015): https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc56.2014-2015/AguayoProtestVideo/index.html

Askanius, Tina and Julie Uldam. “Online Social Media for Radical Politics: Climate Change Activism on YouTube,” International Journal of Electronic Governance 4, no. 1-2 (2011): 69-84.

Askanius, Tina.“Online Video Activism and Political Mash-up Genres,” JOMEC Journal: Journal, Media and Cultural Studies 4 (2013): file:///C:/Users/crobe/Downloads/83-96-1-PB.pdf

— “Protest Movements and Spectacles of Death: From Urban Places to Video Spaces,” Advances in the Visual Analysis of Social Movements 35 (2013): 105-133.

— “Video for Change,” in The Handbook of Development Communication and Social Change, ed. Karin Gwinn Wilkins, Thomas Tufte, and Rafael Obregon (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2014): 453-470.

Atton, Chris. An Alternative Internet: Radical Media, Politics and Creativity (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004)

Bennett, W. Lance and Alexandra Segerberg, The Logic of Connective Action: Digital Media and the Personalization of Contentious Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013)

Canella, Gino. Activist Media: Documenting Movements and Networked Solidarity (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2022)

— “Racialized Surveillance: Activist Media and the Policing of Black Bodies,” Communication, Culture & Critique 11, no. 3 (2018): 378-398.

Castells, Manuel. Communication Power (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)

— End of the Millennium (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998)

— The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business, and Society (0xford: Oxford University Press, 2002)

— Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age (Massachusetts:

Polity, 2012)

— The Power of Identity (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997)

— The Rise of the Network Society (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996)

Clark-Parsons, Roemary. Networked Feminism: How Digital Media Makers Transformed Gender Justice Movements (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2022)

Coleman, Gabriella. Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2012)

— Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous (New York: Verso, 2015)

Costanza-Chock, Sasha, “Mic Check! Media Cultures and the Occupy Movement,” Social Movement Studies: Journal of Social, Cultural and Political Protest 11, no. 3-4 (2012): 375-385.

— Out of the Shadows, Into the Streets: Transmedia Organizing and the Immigrant Rights Movement. (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2014) Available for free download, or purchase, at http://bit.ly/shadows-streets.

Couldry, Nick and José van Dijck, “Researching Social Media as if the Social Mattered,” Social Media + Society July-December 2015: 1-7.

Couldry, Nick. “The Myth of ‘Us’: Digital Networks, Political Change and the Production of Collectivity,” Information, Communication & Society 18, no. 6 (2015): 608-26.

De Jong, Wilma, Martin Shaw, and Neil Stammers, eds. Global Activism, Global Media (London: Pluto Press, 2005)

Doerr, Nicole, Alice Mattoni, and Simon Teune, eds. Advances in the Visual Analysis of Social Movements (Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing, 2013)

Downey, Anthony, ed. Uncommon Grounds: New Media and Critical Practices in North Africa and the Middle East (London: IB Tauris, 2014)

Dunbar-Hester, Christina. Hacking Diversity: The Politics of Inclusion in Open Technology Cultures (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2020)

Duncombe, Stephen. Dream: Re-Imagining Progressive Politics in an Age of Fantasy (New York: New Press, 2007)

Dyer-Witheford, Nick. Cyber-Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism (Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1999)

Faris, David M. Dissent and Revolution in a Digital Age: Social Media. Blogging and Activism in Egypt (New York: IB Tauris, 2015)

Fuchs, Christian. “Alternative Media as Critical Media,” European Journal of Social Theory 13, no. 2 (2010): 173-192.

Gerbaudo, Paolo. The Mask and the Flag: Populism, Citizenism, and Global Protest (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017)

— Tweets and the Streets: Social Media and Contemporary Activism (London: Pluto Press, 2012)

Gregory, Sam. “Human Rights Made Visible: New Dimensions to Anonymity, Consent and Intentionality,” in Sensible Politics: The Visual Culture of Nongovernmental Activism, ed. Meg McLagan and Yates McKee (New York: Zone Books, 2012), 517-549.

— “Live-streaming for Frontline and Distant Witnessing: A Case Study Exploring Mediated Human Rights Experience, Immersive Witnessing, Action, and Solidarity in the Mobil-Eyes Us Project,” NECSUS June 6, 2021: https://necsus-ejms.org/live-streaming-for-frontline-and-distant-witnessing-a-case-study-exploring-mediated-human-rights-experience-immersive-witnessing-action-and-solidarity-in-the-mobil-eyes-us-project/.

Herrera, Linda and Rehab Sakr, Wired Citizenship: Youth Learning and Activism in the Middle East (New York: Routledge, 2014)

Hassan, Abdalla F. Media, Revolution and Politics in Egypt: The Story of an Uprising (New York: IB Tauris, 2015)

Hudson, Dale and Patricia R. Zimmermann. Thinking Through the Digital: Transnational Environments and Locative Places (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2015

Jackson, Sarah J. and Brooke Foucault Welles. “Hijacking #myNYPD: Social Media Dissent and Networked Counterpublics,” Journal of Communication 65 (2015): 932-952.

Jenkins, Henry, Sangita Shresthova, Liana Gamber-Thompson, Neta Kligler-VIlenchik, and Arely M. Zimmerman. By Any Media Necessary: The New Youth Activism (New York: New York University Press, 2016)

Jenkins, Henry, Gabriel Peters-Lazaro, and Sangita Shresthova, eds. Popular Culture and The Civic Imagination: Case Studes of Creative Social Change (New York: New York University, 2020)

Juris, Jeffrey S. Networking Futures: The Movements against Corporate Globalization (Durham: Duke University Press, 2008)

— “Reflections on #Occupy Everywhere: Social Media, Public Space, and Emerging Logics

of Aggregation,” American Ethnologist 39, no. 2 (May 2012): 259-279.

Kavada, Anastasia and Thomas Poell, “From Counterpublics to Contentious Publicness: Tracing

the Temporal, Spatial, and Material Articulations of Popular Protest Through Social Media,” Communication Theory 31 (2021): 190-208.

Kidd, Dorothy. “The IMC: A New Model,” Journal of the World Association for Christian Communication (2003): <https://docs.indymedia.org/pub/Global/ImcEssayCollection/IMC_a_New_Model.pdf, 5.

— “Indymedia and Standing Rock Media-historic moments,” Journal of Alternative & Community Media 8, no. 1 (2021): 9-27.

—. “Shards of Remembrance: One Woman’s Archaeology of Community Video,” Pilar Riaño, ed. Women in Grassroots Communication: Furthering Social Change (London: Sage Publications, 1994), 179-191.

Kraidy, Marwan M. The Naked Blogger of Cairo: Creative Insurgency in the Arab World (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2016)

Larsen, Ernie. “Flying Under the Radar: Notes on a Decade of Media Agitation,” Jump Cut 56 (Winter 2014-2015): https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/jc56.2014-2015/LesagePerpetualSubversion/index.html

Lopez, Lori Kido. Asian American Media Activism: Fighting for Cultural Citizenship (New York: New York University Press, 2016)

Lovink, Geert. Dark Fiber: Tracking Critical Internet Culture (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2002)

Ludlow, Peter, ed. Crypto Anarchy, Cyberstates, and Pirate Utopias (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2001)

Mattoni, Alice. Media Practices and Protest Politics: How Precarious Workers Moblise (Surrey, UK: Ashgate, 2012)

McCaughey, Martha and Michael D. Ayers, eds. Cyberactivism: Online Activism in Theory and

Practice (New York: Routledge, 2003)

McCaughey, Martha, ed. Cyberactivism on the Participatory Web (New York: Routledge, 2014)

Melucci, Alberto. Challenging Codes: Collective Action in the Information Age (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003)

Miekle, Graham. Future Active: Media Activism and the Internet (New York: Routledge, 2002)

Milioni, Dimitra L. and Pantelis Vatikiotis, “The Unbearable Lightness of Being Alternative: Idealism-Realism and Purism-Pragmatism in Greek Alternative Media,” Journal of Alternative & Community Media 5, no. 1 (2020): 103-122.

Mina, An Xiao, Memes to Movements: How the World’s Most Viral Media Is Changing Social Protest and Power (Boston: Beacon Press, 2019)

Peña, Patricia, Raúl Rodríguez, and Chiara Saez. “Student Online Activism and the Education Movement in Chile.” International Journal of Communication 9 (2015): 3761-81

Penley, Constance and Andrew Ross, eds. Technoculture (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1991)

Pickard, Victor and Guobin Yang, eds. Media Activism in the Digital Age (London: Routledge, 2017)

Poell, Thomas and José vand Dijck. “Social Media and Activist Communication,” in The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media (New York: Routledge, 2015): 527-537.

Presence, Steve. “The Contemporary Landscape of Video-Activism in Britain,” in Mazierska, E. and Kristensen, L., eds. (2015) Marxism and Film Activism: Screening Alternative Worlds (New York, USA; Oxford, UK: Berghahn): 186-212.

— “Reel News in the Digital Age: The Context of Britain’s Radical Video-Activists,” in

Chris Alton, ed. The Routledge Companion to Cinema and Politics (New York: Routledge, 2016): 103-111.

Razsa, Maple John. Bastards of Utopia: Living Radical Politics After Socialism (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015)

— “Beyond ‘Riot Porn’: Protest Video and the Production of Unruly Subjects,” Ethnos: A

Journal of Anthropology (2013): 1-29

Richardson, Allisa V. Bearing Witness While Black: African Americans, Smartphones, and The

New Protest #Journalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020)

Robé, Chris. Abolishing Surveillance: Digital Media Activism and State Repression (Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2023)

—. Breaking the Spell: A History of Anarchist Filmmakers, Videotape Guerrillas, and

Digital Ninjas (Oakland, CA: PM Press, 2017)

— “Criminalizing Dissent: Western State Repression, Video Activism, and Counter-Summit Protests.” Framework: The Journal of Cinema and Media 57, no. 2 (2016): 161-88.

— “Dossier on Connective and Collective Practices: Small Media Activism in the Twenty-First Century,” Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media 60 (2021).

— “El Grito de Sunset Park: Copwatching, Community Organizing, and Video Activism,” Journal of Cinema and Media Studies 59, no. 2 (Winter 2020): 62-87.

— and Stephen Charbonneau, eds. InsUrgent Media from the Front: A Media Activism Reader (Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press, 2020)

— “Mosireen, the Egyptian Revolution, and Global Digital Media Activism.” Interface: A Journal for and about Social Movements 13, no. 1: 317-348.

— and Todd Wolfson, “Reflections on the Inheritances of Indymedia in the Age of Surveillance and Social Media,” Media, Culture & Society 42, no. 6 (2020): 1-7.

Rodriguez, Clemencia. Citizens’ Media against Armed Conflict: Disrupting Violence in Columbia (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2011)

— Fissures in the Mediascape: An International Study of Citizens’ Media (New York: Hampton Press, 2001)

Rodriguez, Clemencia, Benjamin Ferron and Kristin Shamas. “Four Challenges in the Field of Alternative, Radical and Citizens’ Media Research.” Media, Culture & Society 36, no. 2 (2014): 150-166.

Saeb Kasm, “Redefining Publics: Mosireen, State Crime and the Rise of a Digital Public Sphere,” State Crime 7, no. 1 (Spring 2018): 100-140.

Schiwy, Freya. The Open Invitation: Activist Video, Mexico, and the Politics of Affect (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2019)

Shepard, Benjamin and Ronald Hayduk, eds. From ACT UP to the WTO: Urban Protest and Community Building in the Era of Globalization (New York: Verso, 2002)

Siapera, Eugenia and Michael Theodosiadis. “(Digital) Activism at the Interstices: Anarchist and Self-Organizing Movements in Greece,” TripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique 15, no. 2 (2017): https://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/768

Snowdon, Peter. The People are Not an Image: Vernacular Video after the Arab Spring (New York: Verso, 2020)

Stringer, Tish. Move! Guerilla Films, Collaborative Modes, and the Tactics of Radical Media Making (Dissertation Houston, Texas, 2006)

Teasdale, Parry D. A Micro-TV Service in the United States: Report to the Federal Communications Commission (Washington DC: Federal Communications Commission: April 1980)

— Videofreex: America’s First Pirate TV Station & the Catskills Collective That Turned It

On (New York: Black Dome, 1999)

Templin, Richard E. III.Rage against the Machine: How Indymedia’s Radical Project is Working to Create the New Public Sphere (Dissertation: Florida State University, 2009)

Thorburn, Elise Danielle. “Social Reproduction in the Live Stream,” TripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique 15, no. 2 (2017): https://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/774

—. “Social Media, Subjectivity, and Surveillance: Moving on From Occupy, the Rise of Live Streaming Video.” Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies 11, no. 1 (March 2014): 52-63.

Treré, Emiliano, Sandra Jeppesen, and Alice Mattoni. “Comparing Digital Protest Media Imaginaries: Anti-austerity Movements in Spain, Italy & Greece,” TripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique 15, no. 2 (2017): https://www.triple-c.at/index.php/tripleC/article/view/772

Treré, Emiliano. “From Digital Activism to Algorithmic Resistance,” in The Routledge Companion to Media and Activism (New York: Routledge, 2018): 367-375.

—. Hybrid Media Activism: Ecologies, Imaginaries, Algorithms (New York: Routledge, 2018)

Trotter, Daniel and Christian Fuchs, eds. Social Media, Politics and the State: Protests, Revolutions, Riots, Crime and Policing in the Age of Facebook, Twitter and YouTube (New York: Routledge, 2015)

Tufekci, Zynep. Twitter and Teargas: The Power and Fragility of Networked Protest (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2017)

Tufecki and Christopher Wilson. “Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations from Tahrir Square.” Journal of Communication 62 (2012): 363-79

Turner, Fred. From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006)

Van de Donk, Wim, Brian D. Loader, Paul G. Nixon, and Dieter Rucht, Cyberprotest: New

Media, Citizens, and Social Movements (New York: Routledge, 2004)

Watson, Ryan. “In the Wakes of Rodney King: Militant Evidence and Media Activism in the

Age of Viral Black Death,” The Velvet Light Trap 84 (2019): 34-49.

Weissman, Terri. “Whose Streets? Police Violence and The Recorded Image,” Arts 8, no. 155

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Wolfson, Todd. Digital Rebellion: The Birth of the Cyber Left (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2014)

Digital Media Activism/Video Activism